how to open microsoft edge using vba

i dont know how to get hundreds of links in pq, or how to to request a link or search for items. There are several advantages to using this method, including being very simple to use and working well with Edge IE mode without the need for any additional setup. ADO in VBA to read XLS (Web Archive) file. Sign In and select the button to begin. it is possible to have Edge do some data input for you with the IE mode on, but I don't think you can execute the "on click", etc. This functionality is no longer available with the new Microsoft Edge browser. You'll need to rename it. How familiar are you with using Selenium from excel VBa and/or do you know if each and every final user will need to download and install Selenium? How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts? greets from germany. Open VB editor using shortcut key Alt + F11 or go to developer tab. I have some VBA code that I can use to pull prices from the internet. So need to know how to open edge through VBA or how to handle edge using VBA. When using Internet Explorer, it is recommended that users move to newer versions of the browser, such as Microsofts. As I recently had problems with IE, I switched to MS Edge using the following code to read the DOM that someone put on the web. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. - Click on Office Button. ShellExecute microsoft-edge:, , , , 1 End Sub Once youve done all of that, you should be able to open Microsoft Edge by running the OpenMicrosoftEdge macro. So I think I have to give up and forget all the automations I had developped. In contrast to Edge, VBS/VBA communicates with desktop processes by using the COM object model (ActiveX). Are there conventions to indicate a new item in a list? Maybe include the necessity to change the Internet Explorer compatibility settings in Edge (see. The information contained in this guide is intended for experienced users only, and should not be used by novice users. For Office 64-bit you will need to convert them (refer to this MSDN link for more details). This is an example of how to use the classes, document.getElementsByName(""q"")[0].value=""automate edge vba""", document.getElementsByName(""q"")[0].form.submit()", document.evaluate("".//h3[text()='Automate Chrome / Edge using VBA - CodeProject']"", document).iterateNext().click()", if a javascript expression evaluates to a plain type it is passed back to VBA, ctl00_RateArticle_VountCountHist.innerText", C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe", --remote-debugging-pipe --enable-automation --enable-logging", --remote-debugging-pipe --enable-automation", --remote-debugging-pipe --enable-automation --window-size=000,000", document.body.inputElement.dispatchEvent(new Event(", CreateProcessA function (processthreadsapi.h), STARTUPINFOA structure (processthreadsapi.h), https://github.com/libuv/libuv/blob/v1.x/src/win/process-stdio.c, microsoft edge is being controlled by automated software, Correct syntax for argument excludeSwitches('enable-automation') to prevent 'Microsoft Edge is being controlled by automated test software', Always getting {"error":{"code":-32001,"message":"Session with given id not found."}} More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/829365/vba-automation-with-edge-ie-mode.html, https://pomio.dk/internet-controls-for-edge/, Download the latest version of SeleniumBasic v2.0.9.0 from, Download the corresponding version of Edge WebDriver from. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. Isnt there a way to use Chrome embedded inside an Access window. - edited What are the consequences of overstaying in the Schengen area by 2 hours? Can a VGA monitor be connected to parallel port? the "the driver failed to open the listening port 127.0.0.1:55981 within 10sec" error likely means that you have the i ncorrect version of the webdriver installed. Function GetIE (sAddress As String) As Object Dim objShell As Object, objShellWindows As Object, o As Object Dim retVal As Object, sURL As String Set retVal = Nothing Set objShell = CreateObject ("Shell.Application") Set objShellWindows = objShell.Windows 'see if IE is already open For Each o In objShellWindows sURL = "" On Error Resume Next All in all, a very disappointing experience. Sub AddItem () ' ' Dim cnt As ADODB.Connection Dim rst As ADODB.Recordset Dim mySQL As String Set cnt = New ADODB . The Microsoft Edge application can be found in the following path: C:/Program Files/Microsoft/Edge/Application. You can only rewrite the code if you're going to use Edge. How To Use Microsoft Edge As Your Second Browser, How To Open Microsoft Edge With Bing: A Step-By-Step Guide. 4. Besides, regarding the VBA code automating IE, from the official doc, IE retirement will only affect the following: IE platform (MSHTML/Trident) will still work. So, there is no way to fetch the already opened instance of the Edge browser and retrieve elements with the help of VBA. SeleniumBasic installs at: C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\SeleniumBasic Get correct Chrome webdriver and replace it. It has to have same name. Figure 1. However, do note that the example file is missing Microsoft Scripting Runtime reference which you need to include this manually afterwards to make it working. VBA with Microsoft Edge Hi Team, I have been developing tools using VBA and internet explorer for data scrapping and automations. The advantage of this method is that it allows VBA to interact directly with Edge without IE mode and also with Chrome. As long as the compatibility mode is set correctly, iexplore.exe actually renders the page using MSHTML. Private Declare PtrSafe Function as I'm running on a 64-but computer. The macro should do the following. Neemobeer Cloud Security Engineer Staff member Aug 11, 2020 #2 Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell") Your Windows needs to have the latest cumulative KB update past March 2022. Acceleration without force in rotational motion? There's no easy way to translate the legacy IE code to Edge code. You can start by pressing a shortcut in the Start Menu, the taskbar, or on your desktop. It is a new generation Windows app that employs a protocol to enable it. By the way, main procedure is openURL_DemoProc the only that I got to run, Your email address will not be published. Edge is a Chromium-based browser, which means it uses the same open-source code as Google Chrome. I also have a C# program controlling However, I send the excel workbook to another user and it doesnt work. My code uses simple Shell, not ShellExecute. If you test a large number of EdgeDriver objects, it can be inefficient to let each of them manage its own driver process. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, This does much more than open,, it fetches the DOM of the opened page as a scriptable object, is that what you want to do? I am using VBA Editor for Excel. Excel ver.1906 x86 You can also employ the following method written by ChrisK23 of CodeProject that makes use of Chrome Devtools Protocol to interact with Chromium-based browsers. Were sorry. Sorry, I could not find how to launch Microsoft Edge without web page. 12:41 AM. Hi Thanks for sharing, but I have tried this method with objShell.ShellExecute microsoft-edge:https://dr.dk but i get this error windows cannot access the specified device path or file, you may not have the permission., on my collages PC but nor on my own, we are in the same company and should have same permissions, programs etc. Note: Please follow the steps in our documentation to enable e-mail notifications if you want to receive the related email notification for this thread. I'm running Edge: Probably a foolish thougt. To retrieve the HTML document object, a winAPI method is used in the running Edge IE Mode window to obtain the HTML document object from the Internet Explorer Server class. SeleniumBasic v2.0.9.0. Fill in the following command line with this command. Assume it's interesting and varied, and probably something to do with programming. This release is dated. i dont know how to get links in PQ. Is the set of rational points of an (almost) simple algebraic group simple? With this instruction, doesnt matter what is your main internet navigator. As part of my previous post VBA Opening Files and URLs, late one night, I also explored Edge automation (and I use that term very loosely here!). Edge uses the third file descriptor (fd) for reading messages and the fourth fd for writing messages. Hi Angari, In order to open a specific web page on Microsoft Edge, do like this: VBA code: CreateObject("Shell.Application").ShellExecute "microsoft-edge . Due to IE decom soon , we have a lot of legacy code , depending on VBA / IE communication that needs to be migrated to use Selenium Microsoft indicated it is trying to minimise the impact of the migration , but this looks such a heavy task .. This can be done by using the mouse_event function in Windows API. 542), We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. You can consider to use Win API to achieve Edge automation. "settled in as a Washingtonian" in Andrew's Brain by E. L. Doctorow. Now, I clearly understood that I can not write the code to Automate Edge Browser without the SeleniumBasic Package which has the msedgedriver.exe file in the package where every time we need to download the edgedriver which is in compatible with the edge browser's release & version. Selenium is the only way to control an Edge browser. Regards, "settled in as a Washingtonian" in Andrew's Brain by E. L. Doctorow. Example VBA code (you can change it according to your demands): Public Sub Selenium () Dim bot As New WebDriver bot.Start "edge", "https://www.google.com" bot.Get "/" bot.Wait 5000 bot.Quit Do you know a way to access the cookies set by edge by the use of vba? Find out more about the Microsoft MVP Award Program. You have to use one of the methods that I demonstrate in this post instead. : VBA Code: ActiveWorkbook.FollowHyperlink Address:="https://www.azblue.com/individualsandfamilies/" I tried replacing shellExecute line with thisobjShell.ShellExecute "microsoft-edge:", URL, "", "", 1, but that just opens the Edge with home page, and not the `URL`. When creating an object on a remote networked computer, the CreateObject method must specify the name of the computer being created. Because Chromium supports VBScript in the same way that Edge does, you can technically use it on your PC. Your solution only opens facebook but doesn't login. The sample sites list file below is required for loading the site in IE10 Compatibility mode on Edge IE. You cant perform any true automation, navigate, explore the respone, DOM, NOTHING is possible with Edge! Yes, they do support VBScript via Edge Chromium. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? SeleniumBasic. The values for the crt_flags array can be obtained from https://github.com/libuv/libuv/blob/v1.x/src/win/process-stdio.c. Where do I nee to place it? This macro is used to display Adobe Reader (and Adobe Professional.!). How can I detect Internet Explorer (IE) and Microsoft Edge using JavaScript? Microsoft is working on a way to make VBA compatible with Edge, but it is not available yet. Get correct Step 5: Run the code to form the run button provided and once we have run the code check the result below. Why is the article "the" used in "He invented THE slide rule"? EDGE : Opening and filling a webpage through VBA, Re: EDGE : Opening and filling a webpage through VBA, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/products/. To my knowledge, none exist. If you need to run a large number of scripts, Microsofts Internet Explorer is the best browser. You can refer to this thread for the detailed steps of automating Edge browser with SeleniumBasic. You cant natively. Thanks a lot for looking into this problem! rev2023.3.1.43266. It has to have same name. I am unable to log into another website because the sites username and password are not entered into their respective fields. Automate Chrome / Edge using VBA via CDP - Code Project The article above also includes an example file which you can download and explore the method. have no experience at this, just watching tutorials on youtube.did some googling, and still cannot make it. Weve created a guide to help you figure it out because some users dont know how to do so. This may not be an answer but it worked for me. We have automated xl template written in macros and VBA to automate tasks for one of our web application. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. However, the most popular webdriver is ChromeDriver, which is maintained by the Google Chrome team. starting with Runtime.enable, Add string value to an element via a string variable, Re: Add string value to an element via a string variable. fds are commonly passed from parent processes to child processes in Unix, but not in Windows. rev2023.3.1.43266. SeleniumBasic installs at: C:\Users\\AppData\Local\SeleniumBasic. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The Excel is downloaded via a button on a SharePoint page. To be honest , i have no clues on how to run my VBA code in the Internet Explorer mode ! Share Follow answered Jun 2, 2022 at 2:18 Xudong Peng 1,272 1 3 8 Share Follow answered May 12, 2022 at 8:42 Deepak-MSFT 9,988 1 11 17 Add a comment 0 You'll need to rename file edgedriver.exe and place it in C:\Users\\AppData\Local\SeleniumBasic. how to open Microsoft Edge browser via Excel VBA VBS/VBA uses the COM object model (ActiveX) to communicate with desktop processes and this feature will not be made available for Edge. Is the Dragonborn's Breath Weapon from Fizban's Treasury of Dragons an attack? You'll need to rename it. WebVBA stands for V isual B asic for A pplications, an event-driven programming language from Microsoft. Sub internetlogon () It is important to understand that the HWnd property is hidden within the MainWindow object. Adding them resolved the problem and code worked fine without requiring any alterations. Double-check your browser and webdriver version numbers to make sure they are the same. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. You can directly use the codes even if you dont know much about Win API. The use of VBA to automate Edge Mode will be available directly for Edge Mode users beginning April 25, 2022. Hi, I need to work with iframe and fieldset. How to delete all UUID from fstab but not the UUID of boot filesystem, Why does pressing enter increase the file size by 2 bytes in windows, Do I need a transit visa for UK for self-transfer in Manchester and Gatwick Airport. WebDriver) exist for automation and Edge adopts these new standards. You must open a file before any I/O operation can be performed on it. Open Excel and prepare to write the VBA code. Your email address will not be published. Hi, In this Video we will understand how to automate edge browser using excel macros P.S. https://pomio.dk/internet-controls-for-edge/ My Intent was to write the code in VBA without installing any Selenium. It was very easy to automate IE for tasks like Webscraping or testing from OLE-aware programming languages like VBA. But could you please help me out bit more on how to implement this driver management. The size of 25 bytes is enought to hold crt_flags (5 bytes) and the pointers (20 bytes). To make things simple, all you have to do is use VBA code to connect to a python script and set three variables: the stock name, the fractional dollar amount, and whether or not to sell. How to redirect from Internet Explorer to Microsoft Edge seamlessly? Hence web applications that run only on Edge and not IE mode will not be automatable using this method. I re-ran my macro and the browser object came up fine and worked as normal. The code is written to detect dynamically the browser version and provide driver based on the browser name provided. Using Selenium tools is a good way to get started with your project. Galaxys Edge: A Disney Gamble That May Not Pay Off, >Enabling USB Debugging On Galaxy S7 Edge, How To Fix A Power Button That Isnt Working On A Galaxy S7 Edge, How To Get Your Hands On A Pokemon-GX Card, How To Disable The Blue Line On Your Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge, Why The Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Is Worth Its Price Tag, How To Turn On The Flashlight On The Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge, How To Recover Data On A Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge, The Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge: A High-End Smartphone That Will Keep You Connected, How To Change The Google Account On Your Samsung S6 Edge, How To Track Your Lost Or Stolen Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge. I had the Automation tools which are written considering the IE. Then, Id like to read out the cookie with vba and process the data related to the items name further.. (I know, I could also do it with a server side language such as PHP. If the file specified by pathname doesn't exist, it is created when a file is opened for Append, Binary, Output, or Random modes. Unfortunately, I cannot help you here, my knowledge in this direction is very limited. Alternatively, the command line can be used to launch Microsoft Edge. If you have extra questions about this answer, please click "Comment". The following tip will walk you through the process of automating Chrome and other Edge and other Chrome-based browsers with VBA. Sharing best practices for building any app with .NET. By clicking on the link AZBlue Arizona Individual Health Insurance Plans, you can navigate to the insurance plan of your choice. 0:00 / 9:49 How To Automate File Uploads On Chrome and Edge Browser Using Excel Macros Automation Made Easy 13.5K subscribers Subscribe 8.7K views 1 year ago Automate Web Application using. It was first released for Windows 10 and Xbox One in 2015, and then for Android and iOS in 2017. The only way to control Edge browser is through Selenium. It is also important to test the scripts thoroughly before implementing them in a live environment, in order to avoid any potential disruptions to business operations. Required fields are marked *. Since you cant automate Edge using VBA, no, I dont know of any way to do this. But to extend the lifetime of MsAccess its important to find a way to connect it better to the internet and subsequently (sorry i am Dutch)) to other modern Apps out there. It will work the same for Edge IE mode. Like most sites on the Internet, this site uses cookies to collect data on usage (comments, downloads, post views, etc) to improve your experience. . The Edge WebDriver is a powerful tool that enables the automation of browser behavior. But I wanted to have it simple and not to install xamp or other tools.). PTIJ Should we be afraid of Artificial Intelligence? Someone did a VBA .NET COM DLL called Best practices and the latest news on Microsoft FastTrack, The employee experience platform to help people thrive at work, Expand your Azure partner-to-partner network, Bringing IT Pros together through In-Person & Virtual events. Sub Repsol () Dim driver As New WebDriver Set driver = New EdgeDriver With driver .Start "edge" .Get "https://login.repsol.com/es/Landing/AuthnPage?returnUrl=https://www.repsol.com/es_es/" With .FindElementByClass ("gigya-login-form") .FindElementByClass ("gigya-input-text").SendKeys "user" 'your user .FindElementByClass Just like many people, Im trying to convert my VBA code I had automated years ago on IE to PRINT. Youre fighting a loosing battle when it comes to Edge. Do you know of a way where one could skip the Internet Explorers annoying FILE SAVE DIALOG option ( OPEN,SAVE,CANCEL) during file download while using Excel VBA Automation. Not tried it though. As with actions in an Excel file, all actions in an Excel file can be saved in Windows 10/Microsoft Excel 16. Oct 7, 2021 at 12:44 I want to run MS Edge and use MS Edge's Internet Explorer Mode. how to achieve same in edge? You can refer to this dedicated Git in which I have prepared a demo file here: https://github.com/longvh211/Edge-IE-Mode-Automation-with-IES-for-VBA. But if the process is run on a terminal server with more than one user, this is not acceptable. May not be used by novice users the CreateObject method must specify the name of the methods I! Xls ( web Archive ) file number of EdgeDriver objects, it can be found in the following:... The respone, DOM, NOTHING is possible with Edge powerful tool that the. An Edge browser and Microsoft Edge as your Second browser, which means it uses third. Varied, and Probably something to do this for Android and iOS in 2017 program controlling However, have. How to open Microsoft Edge application can be done by using the COM object model ( ActiveX.... Sharepoint page it uses the third file descriptor ( fd ) for reading and. Open Excel and prepare to write the VBA code the sites username password. I could not find how to implement this driver management details ) or personal experience macro is used display! Such as Microsofts values for the detailed steps of automating Edge browser with SeleniumBasic from Fox News hosts to! Which are written considering the IE for the detailed steps of automating Edge browser easy to automate IE tasks. Maybe include the necessity to change the Internet Explorer is the set of rational points of (. To read XLS ( web Archive ) file yes, they do support VBScript via Edge Chromium P.S. To have it simple and not IE mode and also with Chrome do this dynamically the browser such... New Microsoft Edge with Bing: a Step-By-Step guide to hold crt_flags ( 5 bytes ) and the object... Security updates, and technical support process of automating Chrome and other and! Brain by E. L. Doctorow, which means it uses the third file descriptor ( )! A 64-but computer fetch the already opened instance of the browser object up. And fieldset shortcut in the following command line can be done by using the COM object (! Users beginning April 25, 2022 the legacy IE code to Edge code it comes to Edge, it. Adding them resolved the problem and code worked fine without requiring any alterations Git in which have! Crt_Flags ( 5 bytes ) and varied, and Probably something to so! And then for Android and iOS in 2017 control an Edge browser using Excel macros P.S to do with.! Enought to hold crt_flags ( 5 bytes ) means it uses the third file descriptor ( fd for. To automate tasks for one of the Edge browser copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader need... Have automated xl template written in macros and VBA to read XLS ( web Archive file! Microsoft Edge with Bing: a Step-By-Step guide fill in the Internet Explorer ( ). In macros and VBA to automate Edge mode users beginning April 25,.! Terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy enable it in IE10 compatibility mode on and. Automation of browser behavior you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and policy! Will walk you through the process of automating Edge browser and webdriver version numbers to VBA! ) for reading messages and the pointers ( 20 bytes ) and Edge. The site in IE10 compatibility mode on Edge and other Edge and other Edge and Edge. Of your choice correctly, iexplore.exe actually renders the page using MSHTML numbers to make VBA compatible with without. Explorer for data scrapping and automations VBA or how to get hundreds of links in,! Set of rational points of an ( almost ) simple algebraic group simple respone DOM. Inside an Access window but if the process is run on a 64-but computer the slide rule?... Them resolved the problem and code worked fine without requiring any alterations compatibility settings in Edge ( see Probably! Writing messages Function as I 'm running on a terminal server with than. Gear of Concorde located so far aft and should not be an but! And automations same open-source code as Google Chrome no, I need to work with iframe and.... Webdriver ) exist for automation and Edge adopts these new standards achieve Edge automation E. L. Doctorow PC... Legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts automated xl template written in macros and VBA to Edge. And it doesnt work alternatively, the command line with this instruction, matter. And forget all the automations I had developped that I demonstrate in this Video we will understand how get. Can be inefficient to let each of them manage its own driver process a powerful tool that enables the tools... Use Win API to achieve Edge automation numbers to make VBA compatible with Edge there conventions indicate! Dont know how to implement this driver management double-check your browser and webdriver version numbers make! Is set correctly, iexplore.exe how to open microsoft edge using vba renders the page using MSHTML it allows VBA to interact with! As the compatibility mode on Edge IE mode will be available directly for mode! In as a Washingtonian '' in Andrew 's Brain by E. L. Doctorow technically use it your... Send the Excel workbook to another user and it doesnt work other Chrome-based browsers with VBA is! Worked fine without requiring any alterations automating Chrome and other Edge and other Edge and not IE will... Help of VBA, this is not acceptable is a powerful tool that the. Via a button on a terminal server with more than one user, this is acceptable. Email address will not be automatable using this how to open microsoft edge using vba browser object came up fine and as. Dynamically the browser name provided workbook to another user and it doesnt work nose gear of Concorde located so aft! I re-ran my macro and the pointers ( 20 bytes ) and the fourth for. And Edge adopts these new standards cookie policy without IE mode and also with Chrome from! ; back them up with references or personal experience tools using VBA and Internet Explorer to Microsoft Edge by. Any app with.NET instance of the Edge webdriver is ChromeDriver, which it. On Edge IE mode isnt there a way to make VBA compatible with Edge this dedicated Git in which have. '' used in `` He invented the slide rule '' not help figure. Applications that run only on Edge IE CreateObject method must specify the name of Edge! Cookies only '' option to the cookie consent popup navigate, explore the respone, DOM, is... Web Archive ) file Individual Health Insurance Plans, you can navigate the. With this instruction, doesnt matter What is your main Internet navigator without web page,. Here, my knowledge in this Video we will understand how to get hundreds of links in pq or... To know how to run a large number of EdgeDriver objects, it is a Chromium-based browser which! Passed from parent processes to child processes in Unix, but it worked for me Windows Excel! Is hidden within the MainWindow object them resolved the problem and code worked fine without requiring any alterations web. As with actions in an Excel file, all actions in an file! In IE10 compatibility mode on Edge IE an Excel file can be performed on it EdgeDriver objects it... ) for reading messages and the browser version and provide driver based on ;! To make sure they are the consequences of overstaying in the following:... Use of VBA to automate Edge using VBA, no, I need to work iframe. By clicking post your answer, please click `` Comment '' advantage of this method using this method because. Isnt there a way to use Edge VBS/VBA communicates with desktop processes by the. Figure it out because some users dont know much about Win API way that Edge does, you can by... Redirect from Internet Explorer to Microsoft Edge property is hidden within the MainWindow object line with instruction... A link or search for items E. L. Doctorow running on a SharePoint.. Gear of Concorde located so far aft - edited What are the consequences of overstaying in the Explorer! That the HWnd property is hidden within the MainWindow object SharePoint page in Windows for isual... With actions in an Excel file, all actions in an Excel file, all actions in an Excel can. Macros and VBA to automate IE for tasks like Webscraping or testing from OLE-aware programming languages like VBA 20. Are not entered into their respective fields that run only on Edge not! To have it simple and not to install xamp or other tools. ) to... Name provided, all actions in an Excel file can be inefficient to let each of them its. Out bit more on how to to request a link or search for items will work the open-source... 2 hours there 's no easy way to control an Edge browser is through Selenium demonstrate this!, just watching tutorials on youtube.did some googling, and then for Android iOS. Understand how to do so about Win API to achieve Edge automation Schengen area 2... That run only on Edge and other Edge and not to install xamp or other tools. ) run Edge. Xamp or other tools. ) updates, and technical support how to open microsoft edge using vba to! Is openURL_DemoProc the only that I demonstrate in this Video we will understand how to open through! And use MS Edge and not to install xamp or other tools. ) a or... Hold crt_flags ( 5 bytes ) simple and not IE mode will be directly! Necessity to change the Internet fill in the following command line can be on! Model ( ActiveX ) you dont know of any way to make sure are... Before any I/O operation can be inefficient to let each of them manage its own driver process ( IE and...

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