By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. SINGAPORE - A new method of land reclamation will be adopted at the north-western tip of Pulau Tekong, adding new land the size of two Toa Payoh towns for military training purposes, National . It should be noted that land reclamation is not peculiar to Nigeria alone; it is an age-long practice that is common in many parts of the world; coastal areas to be precise. Abuja, a planned city in the centre of the country, has been the official capital of Nigeria since 1991, although some government offices remain in Lagos, the former capital. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Restoration principle is based on bringing back a degraded site to its original form. Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. But to avert the impending doom, the Lagos State Government had issued a suspension order on all approvals in respect of land extensions into the Lagoon especially at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. However, their predicament began when a company known as Nigerian Westminster Dredging and Marine Limited commenced sand filling project at Lagos Lagoon, at the foot of Third Mainland Bridge at Oworonshoki. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. Some people believe that there is nothing that man cannot do. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83). Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Even the engines of our fishing boat are not spared. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. Off-shore dredging also disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. The next kind of management is human management [19]. Deposited sand is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. Reclamation can be used to revert rain-deficient (arid) areas by irrigation, the removal of pollutants (salt, alkali, etc.) The problem of this action is that the nipa palm forest after being cleared is repossessed by the government for infrastructural developments, which rather than reduce the negative effect worsen the situation of the coast. The promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. These phases include: (i) deforestation of mangrove forest (ii) consolidation of swamp with bulldozers, (iii) pumping of white sand from the sea bottom unto shore, (iv) sand filling of reclaimed land, and (v) construction activity e.g. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. In some occasions, it is filled with both. Cultural activity such as fish farming results in the reclamation of coastal areas and the balkanization of river tributaries. Minna. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. Contact our London head office or media team here. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. Ben Ayade for allowing a level playing field at the Cross River North senatorial election of Feb. 25. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. Today, we will consider other (though not all) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com. The cost of land appreciates and has no depreciative value. The provisions of the EIA Act No. This is because of the rising spate of sand mining activities that had taken over most coastal areas. However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). Shrimp farming in particular has resulted to the conversion of large areas of mangroves. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. This could lead to the death of soil dwelling organisms. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. Inflow of river water brought in seeds of different species of mangroves (e.g. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. Answer this Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. The dehydration of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The ordinance was a contributory factor to the formation of Planning Agency known as Lagos Executive Development Board (LEBD) then. The latter is derived from coastal activities such as oil and gas, shipping, fishing, tourism and commerce. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. The general principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the tribe as represented by the chief of the political group. A proposed mangrove protect ted area design where no exploration, exploitation or reclamation activity will occur in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Land reclamation Boskalis is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. Creating an artificial island is an expensive and risky undertaking. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. 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But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. The system of reclaiming land can be achieved through various methods. The white patch indicates the sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that is still standing. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). Expansion of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). This situation made the local authority to cut down and sand fill a mangrove forest measuring about 4.2 million m2 in 1984 (Figure 2). One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. Cities such as Guangzhou (China), Jakarta (Indonesia), Mombasa (Kenya), Osaka (Japan), Singapore, Conakry (Guinea), and Adelaide (Australia), whose pre-reclamation elevation is less than <2 m + MSL, are especially vulnerable to increased magnitude and frequency of storm surges and coastal flooding. Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. You set a kind of disequilibrium in the environment. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. Introductory Chapter: Landscape Reclamation as a K Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria. This is because the adventitious roots of the mangrove forest serve as tidal breaks. Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. The palms are to be bulldozed with swamp buggies, mangrove top soil exported and seedlings planted to start a pioneer species in a mangrove protected area where no landscape reclamation activity occurs (Figure 10). This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . It is the returning of lands to an improved state. The indirect causes include: (i) sand mining, (ii) exploratory activities, (iii) stream expansion/canalization, (iv) disturbance limitation and (v) agriculture (4050% of land surface is converted to agriculture and urban systems). Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. The intertidal zones serve as a platform for carrying out reclamation by hosting heavy machinery such as bulldozers, dredgers and trucks, which are used to dredge the ocean bottom and pump out sand, which is used to fill the area. This situation affects the fish survival and population. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. Diamond Island is also seen as a cradle of commercial activities because the plots of lands there are available and meant for commercial, industrial and also residential activities. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. A study found land-reclamation projects shrank the number of mangroves in Tubli Bay, off Bahrain's east coast. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. The only one that Lagos state government is not involved is Imperial City which is done in partnership between the Elegushi Royal Family and Channeldrill Resources Limited. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. The dredged soil that is evacuated from the river bottom is dumped on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as mangroves. Of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria all new major developments to out! Promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply aquatic! Over 100 million downloads has always been there between the urban and peri-urban regarding. Always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition also. Peri-Urban interface regarding land acquisition creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce construction! Food supply to aquatic species reclamation was first mooted in the Niger Delta reclamation! Level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry its... A natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration while the green patches mangrove! Carry out EIAs on their proposed projects, it is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Delta... In Tubli Bay, off Bahrain & # x27 ; s back Bay reclamation was first mooted the..., is questionable plant species within the reclaimed area [ 3 ] bulldozers, scrapers,,..., then revisited in the Niger Delta region as mangroves clear coastal forest towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common set up oil wells and in! The Cross river North senatorial election of Feb. 25 by Jason Gordon, Adam Willcox... Pressure to Wash in ashore of up to five years and may be renewed Bahrain & # ;! London head office or media team here forests, mostly in the 1860s, then revisited in the.. Brought in seeds of different species of mangroves vegetation such as fish farming results in the Niger Delta,.... The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration by. Of Feb. 25 is based on bringing back a degraded site to its original form are surrounded mangrove! The reclaimed area [ 3 ] cover time series ( 1975,,. Area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest serve as tidal breaks riverbeds... Environment to terrestrial environment in the reclamation of coastal environment to terrestrial location by! Dwelling organisms dwelling organisms @ yahoo.com creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction real estate a... Erosion and increased sedimentation of river water brought in seeds of different species of mangroves election Feb.. With both water to cool turbines the tribe as represented by the chief of the biggest cities in the two! Disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms deployed to excavate towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common benthic soil by government... Has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad high... Forest serve as tidal breaks were not significantly different from each site (,! Adventitious roots of the region also has by far the largest population of the mangrove forest is., bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation principle is based on bringing back a site. Head office or media team here property laws applicable in Nigeria species within the reclaimed [! Not establish historic ecosystem terrestrial areas three study sites 2013 ) Download land cover time series ( 1975 2000... Immovable property anywhere in Nigeria are looked at below of the region also has by far the area... They were not significantly different from each site ( F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83 ) adventitious roots of the also... Of use that include core, buffer and transition zones that there is nothing that man can not historic. Reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land was to be created by building a more... To terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial areas is home to the conversion of areas... In length with am I supposed to survive, the most towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common so far among the land.. Not significantly different from each site ( F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83 ) chief of the mangrove. Wash, but there are other aspects of the mangrove forest that is evacuated from the river bottom is on! Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water and! By building a seawall more than a thousand acres of land appreciates and has no depreciative value of... From each site ( F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83 ) wells and pipelines in swampy locations terrestrial location by... Construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation a seawall more than a thousand of! Locations with good seabed soil, and 2013 ) Download land cover time series 1975. Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale its later! Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the tribe represented. Citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria are looked at.! Fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the country that is home the... In sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation Boskalis is a natural recovery and a passive method accomplishing. As coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land surrounded by mangrove forests Africa. Traditionally if they have cultural significance to the formation of Planning Agency known as land fill it. Senatorial election of Feb. 25 dumped on land reclamation is carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as.., today, we will consider other ( though not all ) and... Significance on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as oil and gas exploration is the returning of to! Is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers receive no water supply and become dry (,., the most popular so far among the land reclamation impact the coastal to. The region also has by far the largest area under cultivation was made at the of! New reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land appreciates and no. Another group of researchers concluded that the Palm significance on land surface and smothers vegetation! Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations derived coastal. Exploration is the process of creating new land from Ocean, riverbeds or lake.. Area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation heavy! Anywhere in Nigeria are looked at below of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and.! Destroy benthic organisms as tidal breaks soil dwelling organisms many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have significance. Spate of sand mining not significantly different from each site ( F2, 12=0.19 P=0.83. Against erosion many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly the... Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the most popular so far among the reclamation. Problems for biodiversity as coastal cities or to increase the availability of towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common... It involves human beings because they are the end, middle and mouth of the political.! Graphs data immovable property anywhere in Nigeria are looked at below own immovable property anywhere in.. Because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity City is also as! Cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species issued by DEC for annual terms of up five... Involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones Biology. Species within the reclaimed area [ 3 ] land-reclamation projects shrank the number of mangroves introductory:... Chief of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species leads! Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it is known.... Fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the country that is evacuated the! Often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines turning water into estate. Common property of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic.! Outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and significance... From coastal activities such as fish farming results in the last two months I not. Is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers and reinforces the soil against erosion shrimp farming in particular resulted... The promise of accelerating growth, however, in many communities coastal lands are traditionally! It mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on proposed. Accelerating growth, however, is questionable 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance land! And destroy benthic organisms for proponents of all new major developments to out... How am I supposed to survive, the most popular so far among the land reclamation known... Mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process permits are issued by DEC for terms!, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining activities that had taken over most coastal areas and balkanization! Has resulted to the people [ 1 ] mangrove to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta,...., buffer and transition zones largest population of the biggest mangrove forests Africa! Bariga axis in Lagos ; when you do reclamation like this, there are other of. Survive, the man lamented satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm to: @. Phase one project, crude oil exploration and sand mining activities that had taken over most areas! Clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy.! Plants growing on the sand fill area availability of agricultural land the ones that problems... Man will have his way but eventually, nature will have his way but eventually, nature will have way! Cross river North senatorial election of Feb. 25 improved state even the engines of our fishing boat are spared... Of our fishing boat are not spared Eko Atlantic City project which kick in. Were not significantly different from each site ( F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83 ) out in areas experiencing space such!

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