Gentrification had become a policy problem necessitating a public response. While the pace of Philadelphia-area redevelopment lagged behind other rapidly revitalizing citiesnotably, San Francisco, New York, and Washington, D.C.the specter of displacement troubled government officials and longtime residents alike. Architect I.M. Heller, Gregory L.Ed Bacon: Planning, Politics, and the Building of Modern Philadelphia. There were teach-ins, rallies, marches, and protests at the property owners offices outside the city. The building was used sparingly in the 1990s as new owners attempted to find a market, but the building remained largely unoccupied and the whole complex was demolished in 2002. West Philly neighborhood, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA), 19139, 19143 detailed profile Alexander also describes the struggle, and the encampment specifically, as having generated more unity, even providing space for the children in the Townhomes to have a movie night outside, paint, dance, learn to skateboard, and become more directly involved in defending the Townhomes. Fighting Gentrification in West Philadelphia. Universities and hospitals, which could not move their operations out of the city, fueled this growth. Each of the next five decennial censuses (1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010) would show the steadily increasing, dominant share of West Philadelphia's population represented by blacks. I think for now Eastwicks outside of [Penns] reach, Phil said wryly. Tax inducements helped make the renovation of older buildings economically feasible. Adams, Carolyn et al. And resentment towards Penn simmers in the West Philly community. After the Old Philadelphia Development Corporation purchased the property around Dock Street in 1959, many of the remaining merchants moved to the Food Distribution Center in South Philadelphia. By 2000, over 44 percent of Manayunks residents worked in managerial or professional positions, up from just 12 percent in 1970. In a few short years, the once-conservative immigrant neighborhood had become a hotbed of hip nightlife. It garnered media attention, brought the community into the fight, and helped residents build greater connection with activists, students, and organized labor in the city. Gentrification could not occur without the initial separation of Greater Philadelphias residents by class, race, and country of origin. During the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries, newly built suburbs outside of Center City intensified these divisions. New buildings could reflect modern architectural styles and the owner's tastes, as long as the designs were approved by the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority. Newcomers cosmopolitan tastes contributed to the alienation of the neighborhoods working-class residents. Special Collections Research Center, Temple University Libraries. The encampment also received support from organizations like Labor for Black Lives, which pulled together several local union chapters to demand Mayor Jim Kenney and city leaders preserve the Townhomes. The rapid influx of wealthier homebuyers triggered alarming demographic changes. (WHYY, December 18, 2013), Mapping gentrification in Philly by tracking permits (WHYY, February 21, 2014), 'Challenges and opportunities' of gentrification discussed at weekend forum in Germantown (WHYY, April 28, 2014), Selling gentrification to neighbors of the old West Philadelphia High School building (WHYY, June 19, 2014), Gentrifying Philadelphia (WHYY, June 8, 2015), Point Breeze neighbors, beer garden developer at 'lagerheads' over collision of old and new (WHYY, July 23, 2015), Path out of gentrifying Philly neighborhoods just as likely to lead up as down, study finds (WHYY, October 15, 2105), Philadelphia City Council votes to extend 'gentrification protection' program (WHYY, March 18, 2016), Veteran says military gave him the strength to stand up to gentrification (WHYY, August 29, 2016), Philadelphia's disappearing low-cost rental housing revealed in Fed gentrification study (PlanPhilly, December 21, 2016), Exploring the past, future of Philly neighborhoods during annual Jane's Walk (WHYY, May 6, 2017), West Philly gentrification means upheaval for these longtime residents (WHYY, May 11, 2017), Pop-up exhibit in Philly's Kensington neighborhood puts focus on gentrification (WHYY, June 6, 2017), Uncertain future as Puerto Rican community faces gentrification in Norris Square (Al Dia via WHYY, December 16, 2019), Central Philadelphia Development Corporation, The City that Might Have Been: Edmund Bacon's Philadelphia (PhillyHistory.org), Philadelphia's Changing Neighborhoods: Gentrification and other shifts since 2000 (Pew Charitable Trusts), Manayunk: A Place to Drink (PhillyHistory.org), The Problems and the Promise: Gentrification in Philadelphia (Philly.com), 50 Years of Gentrification: A Timeline (NextCity.org, December 2014), Redevelopment & Preservation (Philadelphia: The Great Experiment), Form, Design, and the City (1962) (Philadelphia Department of Records), Renewal and Gentrification in Philadelphia (Philadelphia: The Great Experiment), Dock Street's Transformation Into Society Hill (Philadelphia: The Great Experiment), Uprooting Philadelphians (Philadelphia: The Great Experiment), Urban Renewal (Philadelphia: The Great Experiment), How Gentrification Can Affect Your Credit Score (Next City, October 23, 2015), Gentrification without Displacement (Philadelphia Coalition for Affordable Places, Spring 2015), These 5 Neighborhood Maps Show Roots of Gentrification (Next City), Three Maps that Explain Gentrification in Philadelphia (Plan Philly). Ed Datz, Executive Director of Real Estate at Penn Facilities and Real Estate Services (FRES), noted that his office is always looking at whats happening in the surrounding neighborhoods and at residential opportunities.. These areas initially had at least 500 residents as well as below-average income and home values.. By 1980, the University of Pennsylvania was the citys largest private employer. New groups and institutions inundate an area and push out those who lived there before. Connecting the Past with the Present, Building Community, Creating a Legacy. There is a stereotype that gentrification refers to low-income African Americans being pushed out by rich whites, but this is not the case in many of the areas in Philly where gentrification is occurring. For the most part, Penn is now a good steward of the neighborhoods it inhabits, he explains. Where is gentrification happening the most? In 2020, Philadelphia Housing Action was part of the core of another dynamic housing struggle in the city. The students have been moved into a new building at 4901 Chestnut. As in Society Hill and Queen Village, the gentrification of Graduate Hospital triggered striking demographic changes. Tracing Philadelphia and its environs since colonial times, Jeffrey Lin finds the same factors propelling neighborhood transformation today. Gillette, Howard. Churches and synagogues, relics of the neighborhoods immigrant past, were converted to market-rate lofts. The most comprehensive, authoritative reference source ever created for the Philadelphia region. About 75 people took part in the event, held four days before a critical vote at a Zoning Board of Adjustments hearing. South Street, its once-bustling commercial thoroughfare, lost customers to suburban shopping malls. Gentrification has been rapidly encroaching upon low-income Black communities nationwide, and has been running rampant in North Philadelphia for the past 15 years. Even though Black residents fought gentrificationforming an anti-displacement group that demanded low-income housing optionstheir efforts were largely unsuccessful. In the 2000s, the effects of gentrification began to spill over into other neighborhoods adjacent to Center City. May 10, 2017. The resident-led struggle to defend these homes has galvanized people in Philadelphia around the defense of housing for Black, Brown, working-class, poor, elderly, and disabled residents. The month-long encampment in the Townhomes courtyard by residents and supporters was one of the watershed moments in the fight. Along with other area institutions, it created the University City District, a nonprofit organization tasked with promoting development in the area. (Photograph by Donald D. Groff for the Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia.). In the 2010s, Philadelphia began experimenting with measures designed to stem gentrifications worst effects. From 1960 to 1970, the neighborhoods percentage of nonwhite residents fell from 20 percent to 7 percent. Homesteaders and developers were encouraged to renovate the neighborhoods row houses themselves. Annabelle Williams is a sophomore in Wharton from Chester Springs, PA, studying Management and Marketing. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. As industrial jobs evaporated, Greater Philadelphias institutional service sector expanded. Gentrification, however, is not a good option for the communities that currently reside in West Philly. So that is worth fighting for. These arrivistes chose to live inand work to renewa historic and diverse part of the city. The building of bridges across the Schuylkill River further promoted development, including that of hospitals and other benevolent institutions. Even as Philadelphia experienced deindustrialization and decline in the 1970s, a handful of neighborhoods began to experience a phenomenon known as gentrificationa process where affluent individuals settled in lower-income areas. The black population in West Philly has decreased by 29% from 2000 to 2012. Get your copy The 5500 block of Bloyd Street in Germantown, where some homes have been renovated into affordable housing for neighborhood residents. When did . West Philadelphia has been called many names over the years. She admits that initially she and most other residents were not involved. Nearly one-third Latino in 1960, the neighborhood was only 14 percent Latino by 1990. But as she saw how the situation impacted more vulnerable people in the Townhomes, Alexander decided to get involved. While Temples administration tried to encourage better relations between students and residents, it did little to discourage the spread of private development around its campus. Philadelphia, in Pews 2017 State of the City study, lacks affordable or subsidized housing options. On South Street, the Theatre of the Living Arts put on avant-garde works under artistic director Andre Gregory. Refurbished Victorian houses, lofts created from abandoned manufacturing buildings, and newly constructed townhouses provided a variety of living possibilities that reflected Manayunk's history as an industrial outpost of Philadelphia. This suggests that some 8% of Philadelphia's gun violence can be attributed to gentrification destabilizing the city's illicit drug markets. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - On Sept. 29, just minutes into freshman convocation, Liz Magill's first major speech as University of Pennsylvania president was disrupted by about 100 protesters. This was the childhood church of Marian Anderson, a world-famous Black singer from South Philadelphia. Across the Delaware River, Camden, New Jersey, still awaited significant revitalization. Eastwick is, as he says, super residential, replete with rowhomes and momandpop shops. Ira Goldstein, a lecturer in Penns Urban Studies department and the president of Policy Solutions for the Reinvestment Fund, teaches a course on gentrification. In the West Philadelphia area around Mantua, gentrification is a constant, looming concern. Even during that mid-century nadir, however, there were stirrings of renewal. She recalls that the value of her parents house appreciated 400% in the time they lived in Philly. But in reality theyre just untrained, typically nonchalant kids.. Portland's Susceptibility to Gentrification Model. However, due to political and financial disagreements, Bacons vision was never realized. Philadelphia Housing Action, for its part, has worked to decommodify housing by experimenting with collective ownership, Johnson said in an interview on the Millennials Are Killing Capitalism podcast, attempting to remove properties from the unrelenting throes of the housing market. Penn, USciences, the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, and Drexel formed the West Philadelphia Corporation (WPC) in 1959 and began to condemn buildings across Black Bottom. States must preserve public housing on the urban core, invest deeply in . "They're creating enclaves of whiteness," said Chad Dion Lassiter, a social worker, lifelong. Rasheda Alexander, a resident council member at the development, remembers seeing a few organizers tabling near the parking lot on weekends in the winter. Pei designed the towers to incorporate floor-to-ceiling windows along the exterior wall of each apartment, giving occupants expansive views of Philadelphia or the Delaware River. Its exhausting work. Others were more mercenary, buying and renovating abandoned shells for profit. In effect, Penn undermined its own efforts to serve its proximate community, by replacing residents with more of their own. The University City Townhomes has provided affordable housing for nearly 40 years. Buoyed by the success of Society Hill, other Philadelphia neighborhoods began to experience revitalization during the 1970s. The five decades following the move to West Philadelphia were marked by continuous disenfranchisement and health epidemics including the AIDS crisis and "War on Drugs." Urban renewal and gentrification were strategies that promised to uplift communities but actually further displaced . Artist Isaiah Zagar covered dozens of drab brick walls in the neighborhood with his kaleidoscopic mirror-flecked murals. Both Alexander and Johnson attest that constant meetings and forcing the owner to extend the HUD contract multiple times has been stressful on the residents. The city filled in Dock Creek in 1784 and paved the new land with stones, creating Dock Street. Ultimately, the return of the middle and upper classes to the city was not a panacea for all of the regions ills. Many hundreds of enterprising individuals did just that. While she might be new to her role, her institutions legacy is inescapablelocal NPR/PBS affiliate WHYY has noted that Penn has undertaken policies that produced some of the most acute gentrification Philadelphia has ever seen.. At first, so-called streetcar suburbs allowed the gentry to retreat to the leafy streets of Cedar Park and Upper Darby. The protesters, including students, chanted Save UC Townhomes and stop Penn-trification. After sitting briefly, Magill attempted to continue, making the disrespectful suggestion to the protesters, among whom were local residents facing eviction, that Democracy cannot work unless people can live together, learn from one another and, paradoxically, disagree. Amid continuous chants, Magill was unable to finish her remarks. This image from 1914 shows the Fish Market building, an enclosed warehouse that sold fresh fish from dozens of merchants. A minus. Earning a national reputation during the mid-century era of urban renewal, he was featured in Time and Life magazines and was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to the White House's Conference on Recreation and Natural Beauty. Many were put off by their new neighbors perceived unfriendliness or condescension. Typical buzzwords but the employees seem to demand that ownership be transferred to said queer BIPOC employees because of gentrification, reparations, and harm reduction, etc. The decline and relocation of the shipping industryon which the neighborhoods longshoremen dependedonly worsened its economic woes. One afternoon in 2017, a friend sent me a picture of New Light Beulah Baptist Church being demolished. . Its market value is listed as more than $9.5 million, according to the city's website. In a few short years, Southwark saw a dramatic decline in its working-class population along with the conversion of its mixed-use streetscapes into expensive residential-only corridors. The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Others were lured by the citys development incentives, which in the late 1990s included a ten-year tax abatement for new construction and large-scale rehabilitations. Students started another encampment at Penn, demanding the university divest from fossil fuels, stop the eviction of Townhomes residents, and make payments in lieu of taxes (PILOTS) to the school district. He also confirmed Penns involvement in a new mixeduse development in the 4600 block of Pine Street. In this image from 1977, three children are looking through trash at one of Southwark Plaza's dilapidated playgrounds. The North Philadelphia neighborhood, which straddles Germantown Avenue just west of Broad Street and Erie Avenue, has seen its population rise 4 percent (above the city's 1 percent increase), its housing prices rose 11 percent again above the citywide average. Residential gentrification soon followed the growth in commercial activity. Sterling Johnson, an organizer with Philadelphia Housing Action, recalls a small meeting last fall with Gerald Sid Bolling from the Black Bottom Tribe that included some residents. In the following decades, it encouraged professors to invest in the neighborhood by providing mortgage incentives and funds for building rehabilitations. Seemingly overnight, gastropubs and vintage clothing stores appeared along Girard Avenue, Fishtowns commercial corridor. One example was Fishtown, an enclave of working-class whites bordering Northern Liberties. Meanwhile, the percentage of college-educated adults in the neighborhood shot up from under four percent in 1950 to 64 percent by 1980. NewMarket had entrances on Front and Second Streets, leading to a large courtyard, a central fountain, and the entrances to many of the shops. In particular, the western stretch of this arearebranded as Graduate Hospitalsaw a dramatic influx of young, white, well-off residents, drawn by its proximity to tony Rittenhouse Square and easy accessibility to the University of Pennsylvania. He mentions the Pennovation Center, housed in an old DuPontowned paint factory. But, Dr. Palmer says, the people went everywhere. Philip Gentry, a Lea School parent and member of the West Philly Coalition for Neighborhood Schools, said that he has seen some signs of potential gentrification occurring as a result of the funding granted to the Lea School. Further from the booming downtown, neighborhoods continued to suffer from abandonment and decay. He envisioned a redevelopment of the citys waterfronts, a midway closed to automobiles on Chestnut Street, and a tram that would take visitors over the Schuylkill River into Fairmount Park, site of the successful 1876 Centennial. W.E.B. . Gentrification doesn't erase drug crime and gun violence. Specifically, in the case of the UC Townhomes, the struggle exposes the purported and well-defended right of members of an elite property-owning class to make exorbitant profits (some have estimated a sale price of $100 million) from the sale of units that have stood as subsidized housing for 40 years. The Townhomes are a 70-unit low-income housing complex located at 3990 Market Street in a neighborhood known to locals as the Black Bottom. Yet such changes also came with a cost: the social disruption and displacement of existing residents. This building became a commercial property in the 1980s and later a pharmacy for Society Hill residents. In 1960, the black and white shares were 52.4% and 47.2%, respectively. The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. Census data, when adjusted for inflation, indicates a massive jump in Philadelphia property valuesan average increase 213% since 2000. The name University City is the result of a University of Pennsylvania-supported marketing campaign. Tang additionally suggested that state interventions needed to deal with displacement, because gentrification has been driven by the deregulation of the housing market. Many native West Philadelphians declare, often on bumper stickers: This is West Philly. That demonstrated to other residents that fighting back could be effective. (The late stage, at least for San Francisco, with its affordable housing crisis, isn't so desirable . Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Housing and Community Affairs Collections, Urban Archives, Philadelphia City Planning Commission and Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority papers, Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram, Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Philadelphia, the Place that Loves You Back, Without Pa. help, Philly gentrification relief could have unintended results (WHYY, April 15, 2013), Gentrification property tax relief- for whom? Those newcomers remade Queen Villages physical landscape. Restoring the citys historic housing stock, Bacon reasoned, would encourage upper-income residents to move back to the citythereby stabilizing its dwindling tax base and upgrading real estate values. The gentrification of drug blocks specifically, as opposed to all gentrifying blocks in Philadelphia, accounted for roughly 2,400 additional shootings during the 10 years of his study. Galvanized around a struggle to defend the University City Townhomes, a 70-unit housing complex that has operated under a Section 8 project-based subsidy program for the last 40 years. Many uprooted residents resettled elsewhere in the citysome moving to adjoining neighborhoods still awaiting rehabilitation, some following cheaper rents to inner-ring suburbs. Hunter, Marcus Anthony. UCity is just a marketing scheme.. Using an income-based definition of gentrification, only 15 of Philadelphia's 372 residential census tracts were found to have gentrified from 2000 to 2014. The city had the power to seize land under eminent domainwhich allowed them to dice the community with the aim of making West Philly a satisfactory residential community and helping it to fulfill its potential as a center of private research.. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. Lin finds the same factors propelling neighborhood transformation today residents with more of own! 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